Caracterización de un grupo de pacientes sometidos a herniorrafia lateral con malla retromuscular en un centro de tercer nivel de 2015 a 2019 / Characterization of a group of patients who underwent lateral herniorrhaphy with retromuscular mesh in a third level center from 2015 to 2019

Introducción. El objetivo de este estudio fue describir las características de la población y determinar las principales complicaciones de los pacientes que son llevados a cirugía por hernia lateral en el abdomen. Métodos. Estudio observacional retrospectivo, que incluyó a los pacientes sometidos a herniorrafia lateral, entre 2015 y 2019 en un centro de tercer nivel. La información se obtuvo del registro de historias clínicas. Las variables analizadas se clasificaron según las características sociodemográficas de los pacientes, clínicas y quirúrgicas. Se hizo una caracterización de acuerdo con los resultados encontrados. Resultados. Se incluyeron 51 pacientes con hernia lateral, 29 de ellos mujeres, con un promedio de edad de 59 años y de índice de masa corporal de 28 kg/m2. El 60 % tenía comorbilidades de base, siendo la hipertensión arterial la más frecuente. La mayoría se clasificaron como ASA II. En cuanto a la localización, la L3 fue la más común (37,2 %). Se presentaron complicaciones postquirúrgicas en el 27,4 % de los pacientes, siendo las más frecuentes seromas, hematomas e infecciones de sitio operatorio. Ningún paciente requirió reintervención para el manejo de las complicaciones. Conclusión. Conocer la población y determinar cuáles son las principales complicaciones postquirúrgicas de un procedimiento permite tomar medidas para disminuir su frecuencia, pero en este caso, se necesitan estudios adicionales para determinar cuáles son los mayores factores asociados a las complicaciones

Introduction. To describe the characteristics of the population and to determine the main complications of patients who undergo surgery for lateral hernia. Methods. We performed a retrospective observational study, including patients who underwent lateral herniorrhaphy between 2015 and 2019 in a third-level medical center, obtaining information through the registration of medical records. The analyzed variables were classified according to the patients' clinical, surgical and sociodemographic characteristics, performing a characterization according to the results found. Results. Fifty-one patients due to lateral hernia were included, 29 of them were women, with a mean age of 59 years and a body mass index of 28 Kg/m2. Of those, 60% presented basic comorbidities, being arterial hypertension the most frequent. Most were classified as ASA II. Regarding the location, the L3 was the most commonly presented hernia, referring to 37.2%. Postoperative complications occurred in 27.4% of the patients, with seromas being the most frequent, followed by hematomas and surgical site infections. No patient required reintervention for the management of complications. Conclusion. By knowing the population and determining which are the main complications, measures can be taken to reduce their incidence. Additional studies are needed to determine which are the main factors associated with complications

The Lichtenstein technique is being used adequately in inguinal hernia repair: national analysis and review of the surgical technique / A técnica de Lichtenstein está sendo utilizada adequadamente nos reparos das hérnias inguinais: análise nacional e revisão da técnica cirúrgica

ABSTRACT Introduction: it is estimated that approximately 20 million people undergo inguinal hernia surgery annually in the world, with the Lichtenstein technique being the most performed surgical procedure. The objective of this study is to analyze the knowledge of the technical principles used in the Lichtenstein technique. Method: Survey-type intersectional study approved by the research ethics committee of São Camilo University Center (CAAE: 70036523.1.0000.0062). During the research period, 11,622 e-mails were sent to members of the main national surgical societies with research on the technical principles of Lichtenstein surgery. The survey was carried out using an electronic form with 10 multiple-choice questions. The form was answered anonymously on the SurveyMonkey and Google Forms platforms. Result: 744 responses were received to the electronic form. Based on this number of respondents, our survey has a confidence level of 95% with a margin of error of 3.5%. It was observed that there is no standardization of the technique among the majority of responders (53.4%). Many surgeons still perform digital dissection of the spermatic cord (47%). A small number of interviewees (15.2%) performed sutures with absorbable thread in the region of the internal oblique aponeurosis, while more than half (55.2%) continued to perform sutures with non-absorbable thread. Most surgeons use a small overlap or fix the mesh juxtaposed to the pubic symphysis (51%). Conclusion: Our research identified that a small percentage of respondents adequately know the technical principles of Lichtenstein surgery. The result brings us new insights into the need to review Lichtenstein technique.

RESUMO Introdução: estima-se que aproximadamente 20 milhões de pessoas sejam submetidas a cirurgia de hérnia inguinal anualmente no mundo, sendo a técnica de Lichtenstein o procedimento cirúrgico mais realizado. O objetivo desse estudo é analisar o conhecimento dos principios técnicos empregados na técnica de Lichtenstein. Método: estudo tipo levantamento interseccional aprovado pelo comitê de ética em pesquisa do Centro Universitário São Camilo (CAAE: 70036523.1.0000.0062). Durante o período da pesquisa foram encaminhados 11.622 e-mails aos membros das principais sociedades cirúrgicas nacionais com uma pesquisa sobre os princípios técnicos da cirurgia de Lichtenstein. A pesquisa foi realizada por formulário eletrônico com 10 questões de múltipla escolha. O formulário foi respondido de forma anônima nas plataformas SurveyMonkey e Google Forms. Resultado: foram recebidos 744 respostas ao formulário eletrônico. Com base nesse número de respondedores, nossa pesquisa apresenta grau de confiança de 95% com margem de erro de 3,5%. Foi observado que não há padronização da técnica entre a maioria dos respondedores (53.4%). Muitos cirurgiões ainda fazem dissecção digital do funículo espermático (47%). Um pequeno número de entrevistados (15,2%) realizam sutura com fio absorvível na região da aponeurose do obliquo interno, enquanto, mais da metade (55,2%) continua fazendo sutura com fio inabsorvível. A maior parte dos cirurgiões utilizam overlap pequeno ou fixam a tela justaposta a sínfise púbica (51%). Conclusão: nossa pesquisa identificou que uma porcentagem pequena dos entrevistados conhecem adequadamente os princípios técnicos da cirurgia de Lichtenstein. O resultado nos traz novas percepções sob a necessidade de revistar a consagrada técnica de Lichtenstein.

Hernies pariétales au CHU Souro Sanou de Bobo Dioulasso: profil sociodémographique, diagnostique et thérapeutique / Parietal hernias at the CHU Souro Sanou in Bobo Dioulasso: sociodemographic, diagnostic and therapeutic profile

But : étudier le profil sociodémographique, diagnostique et thérapeutique des hernies pariétales au Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sourô Sanou. Patients et méthodes Il s'est agi d'une étude transversale descriptive allant du 1ier janvier au 31 décembre 2022. Les patients opérés pour une hernie pariétale ont été inclus. Résultats Il s'agissait de 101 patients d'un âge moyen de 45,6 ans avec un sex-ratio de 2,1. Parmi les patients avec une activité physique intense, les cultivateurs étaient au nombre de 34 (32,7%), les ouvriers au nombre de 10 (9,9%) et les militaires au nombre de 10 (9,9%). Il y'avait 104 cas de hernie selon le siège. Trois patients étaient porteurs d'une hernie inguinale bilatérale. La hernie était congénitale dans 23 (22%) cas. Il s'agissait d'une récidive après cure chirurgicale sans prothèse dans 16 (15,4%) cas. Le siège de la hernie était inguinal dans 65 (62,5%) cas, la ligne blanche 24 (23,1%) cas, ombilical dans 12 (11,5%) cas, crural dans 3 (2,9%) cas. La hernie était étranglée dans 39 (37,5%) cas. L'anesthésie était générale chez 73 (72,3%) patients et on avait une rachianesthésie chez 28 (27,7%) patients. Quatre résections intestinales ont été réalisées. La cure herniaire était une plastie prothétique dans 15 (14,4%) cas. Sept (6,9%) patients ont présenté une complication dont cinq (4,9%) infections du site opératoire et deux (2%) hématomes scrotaux. Aucun décès n'a été enregistré. Conclusion Les hernies pariétales étaient fréquentes et de siège inguinal, compliquées d'étranglement, avec la présence de cas de récidive. Les prothèses herniaires étaient peu utilisées.

Introduction Objective: to study the sociodemographic, diagnostic and therapeutic profile of parietal hernias at the Sourô Sanou University Teaching Hospital. Patients and methods This was a descriptive cross-sectional study lasting one year from January 1 to December 31, 2022. Patients operated on for a parietal hernia were included. Results There were 101 patients with an average age of 45.6 years and a sex-ratio of 2.1. Among the patients with intense physical activity, the farmers were 34 (32.7%), the workers 10 (9.9%) and the military 10 (9.9%). There were 104 cases of hernia depending on the site. Three patients had a bilateral inguinal hernia. The hernia was congenital in 23 (22%) cases. It was a recurrence after surgical treatment without prosthesis in 16 (15.4%) cases. The site of the hernia was inguinal in 65 (62.5%) cases, the linea alba in 24 (23.1%) cases, umbilical in 12 (11.5%) cases, crural in 3 (2.9%) . The hernia was strangulated in 39 (37.5%) cases. The anesthesia was general in 73 (72.3%) patients and there was spinal anesthesia in 28 (27.7%) patients. Four bowel resections were performed. The hernia cure was a prosthetic plasty in 15 (14.4%) cases. Seven (6.9%) patients presented a complication including five (4.9%) surgical site infection and two (2%) scrotal hematomas. No deaths have been recorded. Conclusion Parietal hernias were frequent and inguinal in location, complicated by strangulation, with the presence of cases of recurrence. Hernial prostheses were rarely used.

Bilateral inguinal transabdominal pre-peritoneal laparoscopic hernioplasty associated to bilateral laparoscopic varicocelectomy in the same intervention: a feasibility study / Hernioplastia inguinal pré-peritoneal transabdominal bilateral e varicocelectomia laparoscópica bilateral na mesma intervenção: um estudo de viabilidade

ABSTRACT Introduction: Inguinal hernia and varicocele are common conditions in male population. Laparoscopy brings the opportunity to treat them simultaneously, through the same incision. However, there are different opinions about the risks for testicular perfusion of multiple procedures in the inguinal region. In this study, we assessed the feasibility of simultaneous laparoscopic procedures by studying clinical and surgical outcomes of patients undergoing bilateral inguinal hernioplasty using the transabdominal preperitoneal (TAPP) technique with and without concomitant bilateral laparoscopic varicocelectomy (VLB). Methods: a sample of 20 patients from the University Hospital of USP-SP with indirect inguinal hernia and varicocele with indication for surgical correction was selected. Patients were randomized into two groups, 10 undergoing TAPP (Group I) and 10 undergoing simultaneous TAPP and VLB (Group II). Data regarding total operative time, complications and postoperative pain was gathered and analyzed. Results: there was no statistical difference between groups regarding total operative time and postoperative pain. Only one complication (spermatic cord hematoma) was observed in Group I and no complications were observed in Group II. Conclusions: simultaneous TAPP and VLB in was shown to be effective and safe, which provides a basis for conducting studies on larger scales.

RESUMO Introdução: hérnia inguinal e varicocele são doenças comuns na população masculina. O advento da laparoscopia traz a oportunidade de tratá-las simultaneamente, pelo mesmo acesso. Entretanto, existem divergências sobre os riscos para a perfusão testicular de múltiplos procedimentos na região inguinal. Neste estudo, avaliamos a viabilidade de procedimentos laparoscópicos simultâneos estudando resultados clínicos e cirúrgicos de pacientes submetidos à hernioplastia inguinal bilateral pela técnica transabdominal préperitoneal (TAPP) com e sem varicocelectomia laparoscópica bilateral (VLB) concomitante. Métodos: uma amostra de 20 pacientes do Hospital Universitário da USP-SP com hérnia inguinal indireta e varicocele com indicação de correção cirúrgica foi selecionada. Os pacientes foram randomizados em dois grupos, sendo 10 submetidos à TAPP (Grupo I) e 10 submetidos à TAPP e VLB simultâneas (Grupo II). O tempo operatório total, complicações e dor pós-operatória foram coletados e analisados. Resultados: não houve diferença estatística entre os grupos com relação ao tempo operatório total e à dor pós-operatória. Apenas uma complicação (hematoma do cordão espermático) foi observada no Grupo I e não foram observadas complicações no Grupo II. Conclusões: no mesmo procedimento, submeter pacientes à TAPP e à VLB no mesmo procedimento se mostrou eficaz e seguro, o que fornece embasamento para a realização de estudos em maiores escalas.

Prevalencia de complicaciones posquirúrgicas en pacientes sometidos a reparación quirúrgica de hernias inguinales

RESUMEN La hernia inguinal es una enfermedad frecuente no exenta de complicaciones. Con el objetivo de determinar la prevalencia de las complicaciones posquirúrgicas en pacientes con hernia inguinal; se realizó un estudio cuantitativo, transversal y descriptivo en un universo de 86 pacientes intervenidos quirúrgicamente por hernia inguinal en el año 2019; Hospital General Mariano Pérez Balí, Granma. Se evaluaron las variables: edad, sexo, tipo de hernia inguinal, lateralidad, técnica quirúrgica y complicaciones constatadas. En un total de 86 pacientes con hernia inguinal la edad media fue de 53,81 años. El sexo masculino representó el 95,34 % del total de pacientes, las hernias tipo II de Nyhus representaron el 46,24 %. Las técnicas de hernioplastias fueron empleadas en la reparación del 54,84 % del total de hernias reparadas particularmente la técnica de Lichtenstein. El 66,66 % de las hernias inguinales sometidas a reparación quirúrgica no presentaron complicaciones mientras que el 11,83 % se complicaron de forma aguda con funiculitis. Se concluye que la incidencia de las complicaciones posquirúrgicas en la hernia inguinal fue elevada.

ABSTRACT Inguinal hernia is a common disease not free of complications. In order to determine the prevalence of postoperative complications in patients with inguinal hernia; a quantitative, cross-sectional and descriptive study was carried out in a universe of 86 patients who underwent surgery for inguinal hernia in 2019; Mariano Pérez Balí General Hospital, Granma. The variables were evaluated: age, sex, type of inguinal hernia, laterality, surgical technique and verified complications. In a total of 86 patients with inguinal hernia the mean age was 53,81 years. Male sex represented 95,34 % of all patients, Nyhus type II hernias represented 46,24 %. Hernioplasty techniques were used to repair 54,84 % of all hernias repaired, particularly the Lichtenstein technique. The 66,66 % of the inguinal hernias undergoing surgical repair did not present complications while 11,83 % were acutely complicated with funiculitis. It isconcluded that the incidence of postoperative complications in inguinal hernia was high.

RESUMO A hérnia inguinal é uma doença frequente que não está isenta de complicações. A fim de determinar a prevalência de complicações pós-operatórias em pacientes com hérnia inguinal; foi realizado um estudo quantitativo, transversal e descritivo em um universo de 86 pacientes submetidos à cirurgia de hérnia inguinal em 2019; Hospital Geral Mariano Pérez Balí, Granma. Foram avaliadas as variáveis: idade, sexo, tipo de hérnia inguinal, lateralidade, técnica cirúrgica e complicações encontradas. Em um total de 86 pacientes com hérnia inguinal, a média de idade foi de 53,81 anos. O sexo masculino representou 95,34% do total de pacientes, as hérnias tipo II de Nyhus representaram 46,24%. As técnicas de hernioplastia foram utilizadas no reparo de 54,84% de todas as hérnias reparadas, principalmente a técnica de Lichtenstein. 66,66% das hérnias inguinais foram submetidas a correção cirúrgica sem complicações, enquanto 11,83% foram agudamente complicadas com funiculite. Conclui-se que a incidência de complicações pós-operatórias em hérnia inguinal foi alta.

Corrección de hernia de Amyand con malla y apendicetomía: reporte de caso / Amyand's hernia repair with surgical mesh and appendectomy: a case report

RESUMEN La hernia de Amyand se define como la presencia de un apéndice vermiforme dentro de un saco herniario inguinal. Menos del 1 % de las publicaciones médicas sobre hernias en el mundo corresponde a este padecimiento, y los reportes en Latinoamérica y el Caribe son escasos. Este artículo describe el caso de un varón de 78 años con un cuadro clínico de cinco meses de evolución aproximadamente. El paciente refiere que sentía una masa en la región inguinal derecha de crecimiento progresivo. Luego se asoció un dolor (de escala 8/10) durante los dos días previos al ingreso en el departamento de urgencias. Durante la operación en la región inguinal derecha, se abre el saco herniario que muestra partes del colon derecho, el ciego y el apéndice (edematosos), por lo que se decide realizar una apendicectomía y la reconstrucción con una malla de polipropileno.

ABSTRACT Amyand's hernia is defined as the presence of the vermiform appendix within an inguinal hernial sac. Less than 1 % of the world medical publications on hernias address this disease, out of which very few come from Latin America and the Caribbean. This is the case of a 78-year-old male patient who experienced signs and symptoms for approximately five months. He felt a lump in the right inguinal region which progressively increased in size. Two days prior to admission to the intensive care unit, he said his pain level was 8/10. During the right inguinal approach, the hernial sac was opened, revealing parts of the right colon, cecum and appendix with edematous changes. Therefore, the patient underwent an appendectomy and repair with polypropylene mesh.

Laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair: the long-term assessment of chronic pain and quality of life / Herniorrafia inguinal laparoscópica: avaliação a longo prazo da dor crônica e qualidade de vida

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic approaches to inguinal hernia repair include transabdominal extraperitoneal and transabdominal preperitoneal, both of which are widely performed and employ mesh. Indicators of success for these surgical procedures include incidence of complications, time to return to daily activities, incidence of postoperative chronic pain, and the long-term postoperative patient satisfaction. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate and compare long-term postoperative incidence of chronic pain and overall quality of life among patients undergoing transabdominal extraperitoneal or transabdominal preperitoneal inguinal hernia repair. METHODS: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study. Medical records were analyzed, and the SF-36 questionnaire and Visual Analog Scale were applied to assess quality of life and chronic pain in patients undergoing laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair between January 2017 and February 2021. RESULTS: A total of 167 patients status post laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair, who were 3 months postoperatively or longer, were included in the study. Among the early complications seen, seroma was most common in the transabdominal preperitoneal group (p=0.04). Subsequently, 40 of the initial 167 patients answered to the survey instrument (SF-36 and Visual Analog Scale). Mean patient-reported pain (Visual Analog Scale score) was statistically similar between groups, with 1.29 for transabdominal preperitoneal and 1.68 for transabdominal extraperitoneal (p=0.92). In the domains evaluated by the SF-36, there was no significant difference between the samples. CONCLUSION: Both transabdominal extraperitoneal and transabdominal preperitoneal techniques for hernia repair have similar results in the late postoperative period regarding quality of life and prevalence of chronic pain. They are also comparable in terms of major early postoperative complications, except for seroma, with a higher incidence in patients undergoing transabdominal preperitoneal.

RESUMO RACIONAL: Atualmente o tratamento da hérnia inguinal pode ser laparoscópico totalmente extraperitoneal ou transabdominal pré-peritoneal, ambas as técnicas utilizam tela e são amplamente empregadas. O sucesso do procedimento cirúrgico é medido pelo menor número de complicações, retorno rápido às atividades cotidianas, presença ou não de dor crônica e pelo grau de satisfação do paciente no pós-operatório. OBJETIVOS: Avaliar e comparar a presença de dor crônica e qualidade de vida no pós operatório tardio de pacientes submetidos às duas técnicas de cirurgias laparoscópicas de correção de hérnia inguinal. MÉTODOS: O estudo consistiu em uma abordagem quantitativa transversal retrospectiva. Foi realizada análise de prontuários e aplicação de questionário SF-36 e Escala Visual Analógica para avaliação de qualidade de vida e dor crônica em pacientes submetidos a hernioplastia inguinal laparoscópica entre janeiro de 2017 a fevereiro de 2021. RESULTADOS: Foram analisados 167 prontuários com mais de 3 meses de pós-operatório. Dentre as complicações precoces avaliadas, o seroma foi mais comumente diagnosticado no grupo transabdominal pré-peritoneal (p=0,04). Posteriormente, 40 dos 167 pacientes responderam ao instrumento de pesquisa composto por SF-36 e Escala Visual Analógica. A média para dor crônica, mensurada através da Escala Visual Analógica, foi de 1,29 para transabdominal pré-peritoneal versus totalmente extraperitoneal com 1,68 (p=0,92). Já nos domínios avaliados pelo SF-36 não houve diferença significativa entre as amostras (p>0,05). CONCLUSÕES: As técnicas totalmente extraperitoneal e transabdominal pré-peritoneal apresentam resultados semelhantes no pós-operatório tardio com base na qualidade de vida e dor crônica. As técnicas também são comparáveis em termos das principais complicações pós-operatórias precoces, exceto para seroma, que apresentou maior incidência em pacientes submetidos a transabdominal pré-peritoneal.

Robotic-assisted versus laparoscopic incisional hernia repair: differences in direct costs from a brazilian public institute perspective / Hernioplastia incisional robótica versus laparoscópica: diferenças nos custos diretos sob a perspectiva de um instituto público brasileiro

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Robotic-assisted surgery research has grown dramatically in the past two decades and the advantages over traditional videolaparoscopy have been extensively debated. For hernias, the robotic system can increase intraoperative strategies, especially in complex hernias or incisional hernias. AIMS: This study aimed to compare the direct cost differences between robotic and laparoscopic hernia repair and determine each source of expenditure that may be related to the increased costs in a robotic program from the perspective of a Brazilian public institution. METHODS: This study investigated the differences in direct costs from the data generated from a trial protocol (ReBEC: RBR-5s6mnrf). Patients with incisional hernia were randomly assigned to receive laparoscopic ventral incisional hernia repair (LVIHR) or robotic ventral incisional hernia repair (RVIHR). The direct medical costs of hernia treatment were described in the Brazilian currency (R$). RESULTS: A total of 19 patients submitted to LVIHR were compared with 18 submitted to RVIHR. The amount spent on operation room time (RVIHR: 2,447.91±644.79; LVIHR: 1,989.67±763.00; p=0.030), inhaled medical gases in operating room (RVIHR: 270.57±211.51; LVIHR: 84.55±252.34; p=0.023), human resources in operating room (RVIHR: 3,164.43±894.97; LVIHR: 2,120.16±663.78; p<0.001), material resources (RVIHR: 3,204.32±351.55; LVIHR: 736.51±972.32; p<0.001), and medications (RVIHR: 823.40±175.47; LVIHR: 288.50±352.55; p<0.001) for RVIHR was higher than that for LVIHR, implying a higher total cost to RVIHR (RVIHR: 14,712.24±3,520.82; LVIHR: 10,295.95±3,453.59; p<0.001). No significant difference was noted in costs related to the hospital stay, human resources in intensive care unit and ward, diagnostic tests, and meshes. CONCLUSION: Robotic system adds a significant overall cost to traditional laparoscopic hernia repair. The cost of the medical and robotic devices and longer operative times are the main factors driving the difference in costs.

RESUMO RACIONAL: A pesquisa em cirurgia robótica assistida cresceu dramaticamente nas últimas duas décadas e as vantagens sobre a videolaparoscopia tradicional têm sido amplamente debatidas. Para as hérnias, o sistema robótico pode aumentar as estratégias intraoperatórias, principalmente em hérnias complexas ou hérnias incisionais. OBJETIVOS: Comparar as diferenças de custo direto entre a hernioplastia incisional robótica e a laparoscópica e determinar cada fonte de gasto que pode estar relacionada ao aumento de custos em um programa de robótica na perspectiva de uma instituição pública brasileira. MÉTODOS: Investigar as diferenças nos custos diretos dos dados gerados a partir de um protocolo de ensaio clínico (ReBEC: RBR-5s6mnrf). Pacientes com hérnia incisional foram aleatoriamente designados para serem submetidos a reparo robótico ou laparoscópico (RVIHR). Os custos foram descritos na moeda brasileira (R$). RESULTADOS: Dezenove pacientes submetidos à cirurgia robótica foram comparados com dezoito submetidos à cirurgia laparoscópica. O valor gasto com tempo de centro cirúrgico (Robótica: 2.447,91±644,79; Robótica: 1.989,67±763,00; p=0,030), gases medicinais inalados em centro cirúrgico (Robótica: 270,57±211,51; Robótica: 84,55±252,34; p=0,023), recursos humanos em centro cirúrgico (Robótica: 3.164,43±894,97; Laparoscópica: 2.120,16±663,78; p<0,001), recursos materiais (Robótica : 3.204,32±351,55; Robótica: 736,51±972,32; p<0,001) e medicamentos (Robótica: 823,40±175,47; Robótica: 288,50 ± 352,55; p<0,001) para cirurgia robótica foi maior que cirurgia laparoscópica, implicando em maior custo total para cirurgia robótica (Robótica: 14.712,24±3.520,82; Laparoscópica: 10.295,95±3.453,59; p<0,001). Não foi observada diferença significativa nos custos relacionados à permanência hospitalar, recursos humanos em UTI e enfermaria, exames diagnósticos e telas. CONCLUSÕES: O sistema robótico adiciona um custo global significativo à hernioplastia incisional laparoscópica tradicional. O custo dos dispositivos médicos e robóticos, além de tempos cirúrgicos mais prolongados, são os principais fatores que impulsionam a diferença nos custos.

Analysis of risk factors of seroma after laparoscopic totally extraperitoneal hernia repair / 中国医师进修杂志

Objective:To explore the risk factors of seroma after laparoscopic totally extraperitoneal hernia repair.Methods:The clinical data of 236 patients underwent laparoscopic totally extraperitoneal hernia repair from July 2018 to June 2021 in Jiaozhou Central Hospital of Qingdao City were retrospectively analyzed. The related risk factors of seroma after laparoscopic totally extraperitoneal hernia repair were analyzed.Results:Among 236 patients, the seroma occurred in 36 cases (seroma group), the incidence of seroma was 15.25%; no seroma occurred in 200 cases (non-seroma group). There were statistical differences in the duration of disease ≥5 years, scrotal hernia, internal inguinal ring defect ≥3 cm, rupture of hernia sac, experience of operators <5 years between 2 groups ( P<0.01 or <0.05); there were no statistical difference in age, body mass, type of patch, preoperative complications (including diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and cardiac cerebrovascular disease) and operative time between 2 groups ( P>0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis result showed that the duration of disease ≥5 years, scrotal hernia, rupture of hernia sac and experience of operators<5 years were independent influencing factors of seroma after laparoscopic totally extraperitoneal hernia repair ( OR = 5.147, 5.006, 0.044 and 3.315; 95% CI 1.513 to 17.516, 1.845 to 13.583, 0.008 to 0.240 and 1.029 to 10.679; P<0.01 or<0.05). Conclusions:The duration of disease ≥5 years, scrotal hernia, rupture of hernia sac and experience of operators<5 years are independent influencing factors of seroma after laparoscopic totally extraperitoneal hernia repair, and preoperative assessment of risk factors is helpful to reduce the incidence of seroma.

Clinical efficacy and prognosis of different laparoscopic hiatal hernia repair / 中华普通外科杂志

Objective:To compare the effectiveness and recurrence rate of different types of mesh or without mesh in laparoscopic hiatal hernia repair.Methods:From Jan 2016 to Mar 2022 at the three hospital 90 patients with hiatal hernia, including 26 cases without mesh, 29 cases using synthetic mesh, and 35 cases using biological mesh underwent laparoscopic hiatal hernia repair.Results:The surgical procedures was successful in all the 90 cases without conversion to open surgeny. There were no statistically significant differences in operative time, intraoperative blood loss and postoperative hospital stay among the three groups ( P>0.05), and there were statistically significant differences in hospital cost between the group without mesh and synthetic mesh and biological mesh ( P<0.05). Long-term follow-up was achieved in 87 patients, with a follow-up rate of 96.7% (87/90), and a median follow-up time of 44 months. There were no significant differences in the incidence of postoperative complications (diarrhea, dysphagia, abdominal distension, chest pain), recurrence rate of symptoms (acid reflux, heartburn) and patient satisfaction among the three groups ( P>0.05). Conclusion:In laparoscopic hiatal hernia repair, the mesh should be carefully selected according to the specific intraoperative situation for a satisfactory clinical efficacy.

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on unilateral inguinal hernioplasty surgery in Brazil / O impacto da pandemia de COVID-19 na cirurgia de hernioplastia inguinal unilateral no Brasil

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze data from patients hospitalized for unilateral inguinal hernioplasty in Brazil in the year before the COVID-19 pandemic, and during the period of the pandemic. Methods: this is a descriptive study, using data referring to hospitalizations for the surgical procedure of unilateral inguinal hernioplasty in Brazil from March 2019 to February 2020, comparing with data from March 2020 to February 2021. Data were collected from the Hospital Information System (SIH/SUS) and the selected variables were: number of hospitalizations, average hospital stay rate and mortality rate. Results: in all, 119,312 hospitalizations were performed for unilateral inguinal hernioplasty in Brazil from March 2019 to February 2020. During the pandemic period, 53,445 hospitalizations were recorded for this procedure. The average hospital stay increased compared to the previous year. The mortality rate recorded in the year before the pandemic was 0.11, while in the period of the pandemic, it was 0.20. Conclusion: It was observed that during the period of the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil, the number of hospitalizations for unilateral inguinal hernioplasty was reduced by 55,21%. However, there was a significant increase in the mortality rate of this procedure. These results can be explained by the increase in mortality in patients infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus, and also by the restriction of performing elective surgeries, prioritizing emergency situations, which are more complicated, and consequently, with higher mortality.

RESUMO Objetivo: analisar os dados dos pacientes internados para realização de hernioplastia inguinal unilateral no Brasil no ano anterior à pandemia de COVID-19, e durante o período da pandemia no país. Métodos: trata-se de um estudo descritivo, utilizando dados referentes às internações para realização do procedimento cirúrgico de hernioplastia inguinal unilateral no Brasil no período de março de 2019 a fevereiro de 2020, comparando com os dados de março de 2020 até fevereiro de 2021. Os dados foram coletados do Sistema de Informações Hospitalares (SIH/SUS) e as variáveis selecionadas foram: número de internações, taxa média de permanência hospitalar e taxa de mortalidade. Resultados: ao todo, foram realizadas 119.312 internações para realização de hernioplastia inguinal unilateral no Brasil no período de março de 2019 a fevereiro de 2020. Já durante o período de pandemia no país, foram registradas 53.445 internações para este procedimento. A média de permanência hospitalar aumentou em relação ao ano anterior. A taxa de mortalidade registrada no ano anterior à pandemia foi de 0,11, já no período da pandemia, foi de 0,20. Conclusão: foi observado que durante o período de pico da pandemia de COVID-19 no Brasil, o número de internações para realização de hernioplastia inguinal unilateral foi reduzido em 55,21%. Contudo, houve um aumento significativo da taxa de mortalidade desse procedimento. Esse resultado pode ser explicado pelo aumento da mortalidade em pacientes infectados pelo vírus SARS-CoV-2, e também pela restrição da realização de procedimentos cirúrgicos eletivos nesse período, priorizando quadros emergenciais, os quais são mais complicados, e consequentemente, com maior mortalidade.

Infección temprana de la malla quirúrgica en herniorrafia incisional. Incidencia, factores de riesgo y desenlaces en más de 60.000 pacientes / Early infection of the surgical mesh in incisional herniorrhaphy. Incidence, risk factors, and outcomes in more than 60,000 patients

Introducción. La infección de la malla en cirugía de reparación de hernias de pared abdominal es un desenlace pobre, asociado a un incremento en el riesgo de complicaciones. El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar la incidencia, los factores asociados y desenlaces en pacientes llevados a herniorrafia incisional con malla con posterior diagnóstico de infección temprana. Métodos. Estudio de cohorte retrospectiva. Se utilizaron los datos de egresos hospitalarios de la National Inpatient Sample (NIS) de los Estados Unidos de América para identificar a todos los pacientes adultos llevados a herniorrafia incisional durante los años 2010 a 2015. Se utilizaron modelos de regresión logística bivariada y multivariada para evaluar los factores de riesgo en infección temprana de la malla, y finalmente, modelos de regresión logística y lineal, según el tipo de variable dependiente, de tipo stepwise forward para evaluar la asociación entre el diagnóstico de infección de malla y los desenlaces adversos. Resultados. En total se incluyeron 63.925 pacientes. La incidencia de infección temprana de la malla fue de 0,59 %, encontrando como factores asociados: comorbilidades (obesidad, desnutrición proteico calórica, anemia carencial y depresión), factores clínico-quirúrgicos (adherencias peritoneales, resección intestinal, cirugía laparoscópica y complicaciones no infecciosas de la herida) y administrativos o asistenciales. Conclusiones. La infección temprana, aunque infrecuente, se asocia con un aumento significativo en el riesgo de complicaciones. La optimización prequirúrgica con base en los factores de riesgo para este desenlace nefasto es un elemento clave para la reducción de la incidencia y mitigación del impacto de la infección en los pacientes con herniorrafía incisional con malla.

Introduction. Mesh infection in abdominal wall hernia repair surgery has poor outcome, associated with an increased risk of complications. The objective of this study was to analyze the incidence, associated factors, and outcomes in patients undergoing incisional herniorrhaphy with mesh and subsequent diagnosis of early infection.Methods. Retrospective cohort study. Hospital discharge data from the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) of the United States of America were used to identify all adult patients undergoing incisional herniorrhaphy during the years 2010 to 2015. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to evaluate risk factors in early mesh infection, and finally, logistic and linear regression models, according to the type of dependent variable, of the stepwise forward type to evaluate the association between the diagnosis of mesh infection and adverse outcomes.Results. A total of 63,925 patients were included. The incidence of early infection of the mesh was 0.59%, finding as associated factors: comorbidities (obesity, protein-caloric malnutrition, deficiency anemia and depression), clinical-surgical factors (peritoneal adhesions, intestinal resection, laparoscopic surgery and surgical site complications) and administrative or healthcare.Conclusions. Early infection, although rare, is associated with a significantly increased risk of complications. Pre-surgical optimization based on risk factors for this poor outcome is a key element in reducing the incidence and mitigating the impact of infection in patients with mesh incisional herniorrhaphy.

Enfermedad de Mondor del pene en un paciente joven / Mondor disease of the penis in a young patient

Se presenta el caso clínico de un paciente de 21 años de edad, con antecedente de herniorrafia inguinal derecha, quien asistió a consulta de control y refirió presentar una induración y dolor en la región dorsal del pene con 4 días de evolución, que había comenzado después de una relación sexual en la cual consumió marihuana. En el examen físico se encontró la vena dorsal del pene engrosada, dura y dolorosa a la palpación. Se le diagnosticó una enfermedad de Mondor del pene. La ecografía Doppler confirmó la tromboflebitis de esta vena. El paciente recibió tratamiento médico y evolucionó satisfactoriamente.

The case report of a 21 years patient with history of right inguinal herniorrhaphy is presented, who attended control visit and he made reference to an induration and pain in the dorsal region of the penis with 4 days of evolution that had begun after a sexual relationship in which he consumed marihuana. In the physical exam the penis dorsal vein was found thicken, hard and painful to the palpation. He was diagnosed a Mondor disease of the penis. The Doppler scanning confirmed the thrombophlebitis of this vein. The patient received medical treatment and had a favorable clinical course.

Resultados clínicos del tratamiento de pacientes con hernia inguinal unilateral mediante cirugía ambulatoria

Objetivo: Describir los resultados clínicos del tratamiento de pacientes con hernia inguinal unilateral (HIU) realizados en una unidad de cirugía mayor ambulatoria de un hospital de nivel III. Material y métodos: Se revisaron las historias clínicas de los pacientes operados de HIU en la Unidad de Cirugía Mayor ambulatoria (UCMA) del Hospital Cayetano Heredia (HCH) entre julio del 2013 y junio del 2016. Resultados: El número final de pacientes incluidos fue 154. La edad promedio fue 43 años; 101 (65,6%) fueron varones; 104 (67,5%) tenían riesgo quirúrgico ASA I; 12 (7,8%) tenían enfermedades asociadas; 94 (61,0%) se operaron con la técnica abierta, y 60 (39,0%) por la vía laparoscópica. La cirugía laparoscópica fue usada con más frecuencia en las mujeres (p=0.037). El tiempo operatorio fue mayor en la cirugía laparoscópica (p=0.033). No hubo diferencia significativa con respecto a la edad, riesgo quirúrgico, complicaciones anestésicas y complicaciones quirúrgicas entre pacientes operados con cirugía abierta y con cirugía laparoscópica. En total 34 (22%) pacientes no salieron de alta el mismo día de la cirugía: Ocho (5,2%) pacientes por presentar complicaciones y 26 (16,8%) pacientes por razones administrativas/ sociales. Conclusión: La cirugía ambulatoria de HIU en adultos realizada por la técnica abierta o laparoscópica, es un procedimiento seguro que permite el alta del paciente el mismo día de la cirugía.

SUMMARY Objective: To describe the clinical outcomes of patients with unilateral inguinal hernia (UIH) treated in an ambulatory surgical unit (ASU) of a level III hospital. Methods: The clinical charts of patients treated at the ASU of Cayetano Heredia Hospital from July 2013 to June 2016 were reviewed. Results: 154 patients were included, mean age was 43 years; 101 (65.6%) were males; 104 (67.5%) had ASA I risk; 12 (7.8%) had underlying diseases; 94 (61.0%) undergone the open technique and 60 (39.0%) undergone laparoscopy. Laparoscopy was most frequently applied in women (p=0.037). Surgical time was higher in laparoscopic procedures (p=0.033). No significant differences were observed in variables such as age, surgical risk, anesthetic and surgical complications between open and laparoscopic procedures. Thirty-four (22%) patients were not discharged the day of the procedure: 8 (5.2%) presented complications and 26 (16.8%) had administrative or social reasons. Conclusion : Ambulatory surgery of UIH in adults either by open or laparoscopic procedures is safe and allows discharging patients the day of the procedure.

Tratamiento de la hernia inguinal por cirugía laparoscópica / Inguinal Hernia Treatment through Laparoscopic Surgery

Introducción: En los últimos años, la aplicación de la cirugía laparoscópica ha permitido ofrecer una nueva expectativa en el tratamiento de la hernia inguinal, ya que no solo permite la colocación de una malla sin tensión, sino que además permite colocarla en la auténtica zona débil de la región inguinal: su pared posterior. Objetivo: Mostrar los resultados obtenidos con la implementación de la hernioplastia laparoscópica como tratamiento alternativo en la reparación de las hernias inguinales. Método: Se realizó un estudio cuasi experimental en el servicio de Cirugía General del Hospital General Docente "Comandante Pinares", durante el período comprendido de junio de 2015 hasta mayo de 2017, con una muestra de 27 pacientes. Se controlaron variables como edad, tipo de hernia inguinal, complicaciones del proceder, recidivas del tratamiento, así como la efectividad del proceder en comparación con técnicas convencionales. Resultados: La hernia inguinal unilateral fue la más frecuente tratada, las complicaciones estuvieron dadas por la inguinodinia y rechazo a la malla. Disminuyeron variables como pérdidas sanguíneas, tiempo quirúrgico, la efectividad se consideró buena en la mayoría de los casos. Conclusiones: Se demuestra que la hernioplastia laparoscópica tiene mayores ventajas biológicas, sociales y económicas(AU)

Introduction: In recent years, the usage of laparoscopic surgery has offered new expectations regarding inguinal hernia treatment, since it not only allows the placement of a mesh without tension, but also allows it to be placed in the authentic weak area of the inguinal region, its posterior wall. Objective: To show the outcomes obtained with the implementation of laparoscopic hernioplasty as an alternative treatment in inguinal hernias repair. Method: A quasiexperimental study was carried out, during the period from June 2015 to May 2017, in the general surgery service of Comandante Pinares General Teaching Hospital, with a sample of 27 patients. Variables such as age, type of inguinal hernia, procedural complications, treatment recurrences, as well as the effectiveness of the procedure were controlled in comparison with conventional techniques. Results: Unilateral inguinal hernia was the most frequently treated. Complications were caused by inguinodynia and mesh rejection. Variables such as blood loss and surgical time decreased. Effectiveness was considered good in most cases. Conclusions: Laparoscopic hernioplasty is shown to have greater biological, social and economic advantages(AU)

Hernia de Amyand tipo 2: apendicectomía y hernioplastia con malla de baja densidad / Amyand's hernia type 2: appendectomy and hernioplasty withlow density mesh

La incidencia de las hernias inguinales en Colombia es de aproximadamente 15 por cada 1000 habitantes, y el riesgo de presentar una hernia inguinal durante la vida es del 27 % en hombres y del 3 % en mujeres. Existen presentaciones poco frecuentes como la hernia de Amyand que consiste en la protrusión del apéndice cecal, inflamada o no, dentro del contenido del saco herniario. A nivel global, tiene una incidencia del 0,13 % al 1 % y su tratamiento se realiza basándose en la clasificación de Losanoff y Basson. Sin embargo, una de las controversias aún existentes respecto al manejo quirúrgico, es la indicación del uso o no de mallas al momento de realizar la hernioplastia y el resultado final del mismo, así que este es el punto donde se centra la revisión de nuestro artículo. Se presenta el caso de un paciente de 79 años con una hernia de Amyand tipo 2, a quien se le practicó hernioplastia con malla de baja densidad absorbible, con adecuada evolución posquirúrgica

The incidence of inguinal hernias in Colombia is approximately 15 per 1000 inhabitants, and the risk of presenting an inguinal hernia during life is 27% in men and 3% in women. There are rare presentations such as Amyand's hernia, which consists of the protrusion of the cecal appendix, inflamed or not, within the content of the hernial sac. At a global level, it has an incidence of 0.13% to 1% and its treatment is based on the Losanoff and Basson classification. However, one of the still existing controversies regarding surgical management is the indication of the use or not of meshes at the time of performing the hernioplasty, and the final result of it, this is the point where the review of our article focuses. We present the case of a 79-year-old patient with a type 2 Amyand hernia who underwent hernioplasty with a low-density absorbable mesh, with adequate postoperative evolution

Liechtenstein versus correção de hérnia laparoscópica transabdominal pré-peritoneal (tapp): um estudo comparativo prospectivo com foco nos resultados pós-operatórios em uma unidade de cirurgia geral / Liechtenstein versus laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal (tapp) hernia repair: a prospective comparative study focused on postoperative outcomes in a general surgery unit

RESUMO - RACIONAL: Três técnicas cirúrgicas para correção de hérnia inguinal estão atualmente validadas. Poucos estudos compararam os resultados entre Lichtenstein e a abordagem laparoscópica transabdominal pré-peritoneal obtidos em uma etapa inicial da curva de aprendizado. OBJETIVO: Comparar os resultados iniciais do tratamento entre a técnica de Liechtenstein e a abordagem pré-peritoneal transabdominal laparoscópica para fornecer uma base para a tomada de decisão do cirurgião. MÉTODO: Os pacientes foram divididos em grupo 1: aborgadem laparoscópica transabdominal pré-peritoneal (114 pacientes), e grupo 2: reparo aberto de Lichtenstein (35 pacientes). Os dados foram coletados em prontuários médicos durante a evolução do pós-operatório imediato e por contato telefônico após a alta hospitalar. Para a análise das variáveis, foi implementado o teste de independência Qui-Quadrado, com nível de significância estabelecido em p-valor = 0,05. RESULTADOS: Houve forte associação entre laparoscopia, menos dor pós-operatória e maior tempo operatório. Além disso, notou-se preferência pela técnica nos casos de recorrência, bilateralidade, hérnia umbilical associada ou obesidade. Neste estudo, a técnica de Lichtenstein foi associada a um menor tempo de retorno ao trabalho e foi o tratamento de escolha para pacientes idosos. CONCLUSÃO: A herniorrafia laparoscópica transabdominal pré-peritoneal deve ser a primeira escolha em casos de bilateralidade, hérnia umbilical associada, obesidade e recorrência para reparo anterior. O risco cirúrgico é adequado para o procedimento, mesmo nos estágios iniciais da curva de aprendizado.

ABSTRACT - BACKGROUND: Three surgical techniques for inguinal hernia repair are currently validated. Few studies have compared results among Lichtenstein and transabdominal preperitoneal (TAPP) laparoscopic approach obtained at an early step of the learning curve. AIM: This study aims to compare the early treatment results between the Liechtenstein technique and the laparoscopic TAPP approach to provide a basis for the surgeon's decision-making. METHODS: Patients were divided into two groups: those who underwent laparoscopic TAPP approach (114 patients), and those who underwent open Lichtenstein repair (35 patients). Data were collected from the medical records during the evolution of the immediate postoperative period and by telephone contact after hospital discharge. For the analysis of the variables, the chi-square test of independence was implemented, with a level of significance set at a p-value of 0.05. RESULTS: There was a strong association between laparoscopy, less postoperative pain, and longer operative time. In addition, a preference for the technique in cases of recurrence, bilaterality, associated umbilical hernia, or obesity was noticed. In this study, the Lichtenstein technique was associated with a shorter time to return to work and was the treatment of choice for elderly patients. CONCLUSION: TAPP laparoscopic herniorrhaphy should be the first choice in cases of bilaterality, associated umbilical hernia, obesity, and recurrence to a previous anterior repair. The surgical risk is adequate for the procedure, even at early stages of the learning curve.

Cirrhotic patients with acute kidney injury (aki) have higher mortality after abdominal hernia surgery / Pacientes cirróticos com lesão renal aguda tem maior mortalidade após cirurgia de hérnia abdominal

ABSTRACT Background: The incidence of abdominal hernia in cirrhotic patients is as higher as 20%; in cases of major ascites the incidence may increase up to 40%. One of the main and most serious complications in cirrhotic postoperative period (PO) is acute kidney injury (AKI). Aim: To analyze the renal function of cirrhotic patients undergoing to hernia surgery and evaluate the factors related to AKI. Methods: Follow-up of 174 cirrhotic patients who underwent hernia surgery. Laboratory tests including the renal function were collected in the PO.AKI was defined based on the consensus of the ascite´s club. They were divided into two groups: with (AKI PO) and without AKI . Results: All 174 patients were enrolled and AKI occurred in 58 (34.9%). In the AKI PO group, 74.1% had emergency surgery, whereas in the group without AKI PO it was only 34.6%.In the group with AKI PO, 90.4% presented complications, whereas in the group without AKI PO they occurred only in 29.9%. Variables age, baseline MELD, baseline creatinine, creatinine in immediate postoperative (POI), AKI and the presence of ascites were statistically significant for survival. Conclusions: There is association between AKI PO and emergency surgery and, also, between AKI PO and complications after surgery. The factors related to higher occurrence were initial MELD, basal Cr, Cr POI. The patients with postoperative AKI had a higher rate of complications and higher mortality.

RESUMO Racional: A incidência de hérnia abdominal em pacientes cirróticos é elevada, em torno de 20%. Em casos de ascite volumosa, a incidência atinge valores até 40%. Uma das principais e mais graves complicações no pós-operatório de correção de hérnias de pacientes cirróticos é a insuficiência renal aguda (IRA). Objetivo: Analisar a função renal de pacientes cirróticos submetidos a herniorrafias, comparando aqueles que apresentavam IRA pós-operatório com os demais, para determinar os fatores relacionados à sua ocorrência. Método: Seguimento de pacientes cirróticos submetidos à cirurgia de hérnia entre 2001 e 2014 no Serviço de Transplante de Fígado. Foram coletados exames laboratoriais para avaliar a função renal no pós-operatório rotineiramente. A IRA foi definida com base no consenso do clube da ascite em 2015. Resultados: Dos 174 pacientes incluídos, ocorreu IRA em 58 pacientes (34,9%). Houve diferença entre grupos para as seguintes variáveis: MELD inicial, creatinina basal e creatinina, o grupo com IRA apresentou medias superiores ao grupo que não apresentou IRA. No grupo IRA PO, 74,1% das cirurgias, foram realizadas em caráter de emergência, enquanto que no grupo sem IRA no pós-operatório, 34,6%. No grupo IRA, 90,4% dos indivíduos apresentaram complicações no pós-operatório, enquanto no grupo sem IRA, 29,9%. As variáveis idade, MELD inicial, creatinina basal e creatinina no pós-operatório inicial foram estatisticamente significantes na análise de sobrevida. Conclusões: Existe uma associação entre IRA pós-operatória e cirurgia de emergência e IRA pós-operatóri e complicações pós-operatórias. Os fatores relacionados à maior ocorrência de IRA em pacientes cirróticos submetidos à cirurgia de hérnia são o MELD inicial, creatinina basal, creatinina pós-operatória inicial. O preparo de pacientes cirróticos com hérnia abdominal antes de procedimentos cirúrgicos deve ocorrer sistematicamente, pois apresentam alta incidência de IRA pós-operatória.

Femoral hernia: uncommon, but associated with potentially severe complications / Hérnia femoral: incomum, mas associada a complicações potencialmente graves

ABSTRACT Background: Although the laparoscopic access is becoming the preferable treatment for femoral hernia, there are only few studies on this important subject. Aim: To assess the outcomes of the totally extraperitoneal laparoscopic (TEP) access in the treatment of femoral hernia. Methods: Data of 62 patients with femoral hernia who underwent herniorrhaphy were retrospectively reviewed. The diagnosis of femoral hernia was established by clinical and/or imaging exams in 55 patients and by laparoscopic findings in seven. Results: There were 55 (88.7%) females and 7 (11.3%) males, with female to male ratio of 8:1. The mean age was of 58.9±15.9 years, ranging from 22 to 92 years. Most patients (n=53; 85.5%) had single hernia and the remaining (n=9; 14.5%) bilateral, making a total of 71 hernias operated. Prior lower abdominal operations were recorded in 21 (33.9%) patients. Conversion to laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal procedure was performed in four (6.5%). Open herniorrhaphy was needed in two (3.2%), one with spontaneous enterocutaneous fistula in the groin region (Richter's hernia) and the another with incidental perforation of the adjacent small bowel that occurred during dissection of hernia sac. There was no mortality. Conclusion: Femoral hernia is uncommon, and it may be associated with potentially severe complications. Most femoral hernias may be successfully treated with totally extraperitoneal laparoscopic access, with low conversion and complication rates.

RESUMO Racional: Embora o acesso laparoscópico esteja se tornando o tratamento preferencial para a hérnia femoral, poucos são os estudos sobre esse importante assunto. Objetivo: Avaliar os resultados do acesso laparoscópico totalmente extraperitoneal no tratamento da hérnia femoral. Métodos: Os dados de 62 pacientes com hérnia femoral que foram submetidos a herniorrafia foram revisados ​​retrospectivamente. O diagnóstico foi estabelecido por exames clínicos e/ou de imagem em 55 pacientes e por achados laparoscópicos em sete. Resultados: Havia 55 (88,7%) mulheres e 7 (11,3%) homens, com proporção feminino/masculino de 8: 1. A média de idade foi de 58,9±15,9 anos (22-92). A maioria (n=53, 85,5%) apresentava hérnia única e o restante (n=9, 14,5%) bilaterais, perfazendo um total de 71 hérnias femorais operadas. Operações prévias no abdome inferior foram registradas em 21 (33,9%) pacientes. A conversão para procedimento pré-peritoneal transabdominal laparoscópico foi realizada em quatro (6,5%). Herniorrafia aberta foi necessária em dois pacientes (3,2%), um com fístula enterocutânea espontânea na região da virilha (hérnia de Richter) e o outro com perfuração incidental do intestino delgado adjacente que ocorreu durante a dissecção do saco herniário. Não houve mortalidade. Conclusão: A hérnia femoral é incomum e pode estar associada a complicações potencialmente graves. A maioria das hérnias femorais pode ser tratada com sucesso através do acesso laparoscópico totalmente extraperitoneal, com baixas taxas de conversão e complicações.

Lumbar and para-iliac hernias: an alternative technique / Hérnias lombares e para-ilíacas: uma alternativa técnica

ABSTRACT Lumbar and para-iliac hernias are rare and occur after removal of an iliac bone graft, nephrectomies, retroperitoneal aortic surgery, or after blunt trauma to the abdomen. The incidence of hernia after the removal of these grafts ranges from 0.5 to 10%. These hernias are a problem that surgeons will face, since bone grafts from the iliac crest are being used more routinely. The goal of this article was to report the technique to correct these complex hernias, using the technique of fixing the propylene mesh to the iliac bone and the result of this approach. In the period of 5 years, 165 patients were treated at the complex hernia service, 10 (6%) with hernia in the supra-iliac and lumbar region, managed with the technique of fixing the mesh to the iliac bone with correction of the failure. During the mean follow-up of 33 months (minimum of 2 and maximum of 48 months), there was no recurrence of the hernias.

RESUMO Hérnias lombares e para-ilíacas são raras e ocorrem após a retirada de enxerto ósseo ilíaco, nefrectomias, cirurgia aórtica retroperitoneal, ou ainda, após traumas contusos sobre o abdômen. A incidência de hérnia após a retirada destes enxertos varia de 0,5 a 10%. Essas hérnias constituem um problema com o qual os cirurgiões irão se defrontar, uma vez que os enxertos ósseos da crista ilíaca estão sendo usados mais rotineiramente. O objetivo desse artigo foi relatar a técnica para correção dessas hérnias, consideradas complexas, utilizando-se a técnica de fixação de tela de propileno ao osso ilíaco e o resultado dessa abordagem. No período de 5 anos, 165 pacientes foram atendidos no serviço de hérnias complexas, 10 (6%) com hérnia da região suprailíaca e lombar, manejados com a técnica de fixação de tela ao osso ilíaco corrigindo a falha. Durante o seguimento médio de 33 meses (mínimo de 2 e máximo de 48 meses), não houve recidiva das hérnias.